Explore the closest complex system to all of us! Below are selected studies with figures, brief abstracts, and methods. Filter by topic or search keywords. **This page is still under development.** More studies and details will be added over time.
Compute density by concentric rings from city center to reveal monocentric vs polycentric traits.
Log-linear fits of density over distance; compares boroughs and highlights structural breaks.
Historical approach: for each city, find the year when population reached 80% of current size.